Umuyoboro udasudutse
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1930, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bikomeza kuzunguruka no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira no kugenzura, ubwiza bw’abasudira bwakomeje kunozwa, kandi ibintu bitandukanye n’ibisobanuro by’imiyoboro y'ibyuma byasuditswe byiyongera.Shira umuyoboro w'icyuma.Imiyoboro y'ibyuma isuduye igabanijwemo imiyoboro igororotse isudira hamwe n'imiyoboro isudira ikurikije uburyo bwo gusudira.Gutondekanya muburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro: gutondekanya ibyiciro-arc gusudira umuyoboro, imiyoboro irwanya gusudira, (umuyoboro mwinshi, umuyoboro muke) gazi yo gusudira, umuyoboro wogosha.
Imiyoboro ntoya ya diametre isudira irasudwa nubudodo bugororotse, mugihe imiyoboro minini ya diameter yasuditswe ahanini irazunguruka.Ukurikije imiterere yimpera yumuyoboro wibyuma, igabanijwemo umuyoboro uzengurutswe hamwe nuburyo budasanzwe (kare, urukiramende, nibindi) umuyoboro usudira;ukurikije ibikoresho n’imikoreshereze itandukanye, igabanijwemo amazi yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro Gutanga imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira, imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira kugira ngo itwarwe n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi isudira ku mizunguruko, n'ibindi. , gutondekanya na diameter yo hanze * uburebure bwurukuta kuva ruto kugeza runini.
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro isudira ni: Q235A, Q235C, Q235B, 16Mn, 20 #, Q345, L245, L290, X42, X46, X60, X80, 0Cr13, 1Cr17, 00Cr19Ni11, 1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr18Ni11Nb, n'ibindi.
Imyenda ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'icyuma isudira ni amasahani y'ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bisakara, bigabanyijemo imiyoboro yo gusudira mu itanura, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (imiyoboro yo gusudira) hamwe n'imiyoboro ya arc isudira kubera uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira.Kubera uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira, irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: umuyoboro ugororotse ugororotse hamwe nu muyoboro wizunguruka.Kubera imiterere yacyo ya nyuma, igabanijwemo umuyoboro uzengurutswe hamwe nu shusho idasanzwe (kare, iringaniye, nibindi).Imiyoboro isudira igabanijwemo ubwoko bukurikira bitewe nibikoresho bitandukanye kandi ikoresha:
GB / T3091-2008.Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni: Q235A ibyuma byo mu rwego.
GB / T14291-2006.Ibikoresho byayo bihagarariye ni Q235A, Icyiciro cya B.
GB / T12770-2002 (Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bisudira umuyoboro wibyuma)Ibikoresho byayihagarariye ni 0Cr13, 1Cr17, 00Cr19Ni11, 1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr18Ni11Nb, nibindi.
GB / T12771-1991.Ibikoresho byerekana ni 0Cr13, 0Cr19Ni9, 00Cr19Ni11, 00Cr17, 0Cr18Ni11Nb, 0017Cr17Ni14Mo2, nibindi.
Byongeye kandi, gusudira imiyoboro idafite ibyuma yo gushushanya (GB / T 18705-2002), ibyuma bidafite ingese byo gusudira byo gushariza imyubakire (JG / T 3030-1995), hamwe no gusudira ibyuma byifashishwa mu guhanahana ubushyuhe (YB4103-2000).
Umuyoboro muremure usudira ufite uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, umusaruro mwinshi, igiciro gito niterambere ryihuse.Imbaraga z'imiyoboro isudira izunguruka muri rusange irarenze iy'imiyoboro igororotse.Umwanya muto urashobora gukoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro isudira ifite diameter nini nini, kandi bilet ifite ubugari bumwe nayo irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro isudira ifite diameter zitandukanye.Ariko ugereranije n'umuyoboro ugororotse ufite uburebure bumwe, uburebure bwa weld bwiyongereyeho 30-100%, kandi umuvuduko wo gukora ni muto.
Imiyoboro minini ya diametre cyangwa imiyoboro isudira ikozwe muri rusange ikozwe mu buryo butaziguye mu cyuma, mu gihe imiyoboro mito yo gusudira hamwe n’imiyoboro yoroheje yo gusudira ikenera gusa gusudwa binyuze mu byuma.Noneho nyuma yo gusya byoroshye, gushushanya nibyiza.
Inyongera: Umuyoboro usudira usudira hamwe nicyuma, ntabwo rero kiri hejuru nkumuyoboro udafite ikidodo.
Inzira yo gusudira
Ibikoresho bito bidapfundikanya-gutondekanya-kurangiza no gusudira-gusudira-gushinga-gusudira-imbere no hanze gusudira amasaro yo gukuramo-mbere-gukosora-kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwo kuvura-ubunini no kugorora-eddy igeragezwa-gukata-umuvuduko w'amazi kugenzura-gutoragura-kugenzura kwa nyuma (Kugenzura neza) -gupakira-kohereza.
Bishyizwe ku ntego
Igabanijwemo umuyoboro rusange usudira, umuyoboro wogoswe wa galvanis, umuyoboro wogoswe wa ogisijeni, umuyoboro wogosha, umuyoboro wogosha wa metero, umuyoboro wa roller, umuyoboro wa pompe wimbitse, umuyoboro wimodoka, umuyoboro wa transformateur, umuyoboro wogosha umuyonga muto, umuyoboro wihariye wihariye- umuyoboro umeze, umuyoboro wa scafolding n'umuyoboro usudira.
Umuyoboro rusange usudira:Umuyoboro rusange usudira ukoreshwa mu gutwara amazi make.Ikozwe muri Q195A, Q215A, Q235A ibyuma.Irashobora kandi gukorwa mubindi byuma byoroheje byoroshye gusudira.Imiyoboro y'ibyuma igomba guhura n’umuvuduko w’amazi, kunama, gusibanganya n’ubundi bushakashatsi, kandi hari ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe ku bwiza bw’ubuso.Mubisanzwe uburebure bwo gutanga ni 4-10m, kandi uburebure-buhoraho (cyangwa uburebure bwa kabiri) burakenewe.Ibisobanuro by'imiyoboro isudira bigaragazwa na diameter nominal (mm cyangwa santimetero).Diameter nominal yimiyoboro isudira itandukanye niyukuri.Ukurikije uburebure bwurukuta rwerekanwe, imiyoboro isudira iraboneka mumiyoboro isanzwe yicyuma hamwe nicyuma cyinshi.Imiyoboro y'ibyuma igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri hamwe nu mugozi kandi udafite umugozi ukurikije uburyo bwa nyuma bwa tube.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma:Mu rwego rwo kunoza ruswa irwanya umuyoboro wibyuma, umuyoboro rusange wibyuma (umuyoboro wumukara) urashishwa.Imiyoboro y'icyuma ya Galvanised igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: gushyushya-gushya no gushiramo amashanyarazi.Igikoresho gishyushye gishyushye ni kinini kandi igiciro cya electro-galvanizing ni gito.
Umuyoboro wa ogisijeni uhuha:Ikoreshwa nk'icyuma gikora umwuka wa ogisijeni uhuha, muri rusange imiyoboro ntoya ya diametre yasudutse ikoreshwa, hamwe nibisobanuro umunani biri hagati ya 3/8 na santimetero 2.Ikozwe muri 08, 10, 15, 20 cyangwa Q195-Q235 umukandara wibyuma.Mu rwego rwo gukumira ruswa, bamwe barashyizwe ahagaragara.
Ikariso:Ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone amashanyarazi asudira ibyuma, bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya beto hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, diameter isanzwe ikoreshwa ni kuva kuri 13-76mm.Urukuta rw'umugozi winsinga ni ruto, kandi inyinshi murizo zikoreshwa nyuma yo gutwikira cyangwa gusya, kandi harasabwa ikizamini gikonje.
Umuyoboro wo gusudira:Ibisobanuro bikoreshwa nkuburyo bwumuyoboro udafite ikidodo, hamwe numuyoboro wicyuma wasuditswe ugaragazwa na diameter yo hanze * uburebure bwurukuta rwa mm, ukoresheje ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone, ibyuma bya karuboni nziza cyane cyangwa ingufu rusange zicyuma giciriritse kumashanyarazi ashyushye, gusudira gukonje, cyangwa gushyuha gusudira gusudira Noneho bikozwe nuburyo bukonje bwo guhamagara.Imiyoboro yo gusudira ya metero igabanijwemo ingufu rusange kandi ikikijwe n'inkuta, kandi ikoreshwa nkibice byubatswe, nk'ibiti byohereza cyangwa gutanga amazi.Imiyoboro yometseho uruzitiro rukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho, amatara, nibindi, kandi imbaraga nigeragezwa ryumuyoboro wibyuma bigomba gukenerwa.
Umuyoboro wuzuye:Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usudira kumuzinga wa convoyeur, muri rusange bikozwe muri Q215, Q235A, B ibyuma 20, hamwe na diameter ya 63.5-219.0mm.Hano haribisabwa bimwe kugirango igituba kigoramye, isura yanyuma kugirango ihindurwe kumurongo wo hagati, na elliptique.Mubisanzwe, umuvuduko wamazi hamwe no gupima ibizamini birakorwa.
Umuyoboro uhindura:Irakoreshwa mugukora transformateur radiator tubi hamwe nubundi buryo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe.Ikozwe mu byuma bisanzwe bya karubone kandi bisaba kwipimisha, gucana, kunama, no gupima hydraulic.Imiyoboro y'ibyuma itangwa mu burebure bwagenwe cyangwa mu burebure bubiri, kandi hari ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe byo kugonda umuyoboro w'icyuma.
Imiyoboro idasanzwe:imiyoboro ya kare, imiyoboro y'urukiramende, imiyoboro imeze nk'ingofero, inzugi z'icyuma za rubber zidafite akamaro n'amadirishya yasuditswe n'ibyuma bisanzwe byubatswe na karuboni 16Mn, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi, amadirishya y'ibyuma n'inzugi, n'ibindi.
Umuyoboro usudutse uruzitiro rukomeye:ahanini bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho, ibikinisho, amatara, nibindi. Mu myaka yashize, imiyoboro ikikijwe n'inkuta zikoze mu mukandara w'icyuma zidafite ingese zikoreshwa cyane, nk'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, imitako, n'inzitiro.
Umuyoboro wo gusudira:Ikozwe mukuzunguza ibyuma bya karubone nkeya ya karubone cyangwa ibyuma bito byubatswe byubatswe mucyuma cyambaye ubusa ku mpande runaka izenguruka (bita inguni), hanyuma igasudira hamwe.Irashobora gukorwa hamwe na Strip ibyuma bitanga imiyoboro minini ya diameter.Imiyoboro isudira ya spiral ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumavuta ya gaze na gaze gasanzwe, kandi ibisobanuro byayo bigaragazwa na diameter yo hanze * ubugari bwurukuta.Imiyoboro isudira ya spiral irashobora gusudwa kuruhande rumwe no kumpande zombi.Umuyoboro wo gusudira ugomba kwemererwa kuzuza ibisabwa mu bijyanye n’ikizamini cya hydraulic, imbaraga zingana ndetse n’imikorere ikonje ikonje.
| Ibisobanuro | Diameter yo hanze | Uburebure bwurukuta rwigihugu | Imicungire yo gusudira Ibitekerezo Uburemere | ||
| 4Minute | 15 | 1/2 Inch | 21.25 | 2.75 | 1.26 |
| 6Minute | 20 | 3/4 | 26.75 | 2.75 | 1.63 |
| 1Inch | 25 | 1Inch | 33.3 | 3.25 | 2.42 |
| 1.2 | 32 | 11 / 4Inch | 42.25 | 3.25 | 3.13 |
| 1.5Inch | 40 | 11 / 2Inch | 48 | 3.5 | 3.84 |
| 2Inch | 50 | 2Inch | 60 | 3.5 | 4.88 |
| 2.5 | 70 | 21 / 2Inch | 75.5 | 3.75 | 6.64 |
| 3Inch | 80 | 3Inch | 88.5 | 4.0 | 8.34 |
| 4Inch | 100 | 4Inch | 114 | 4.0 | 10.85 |
| 5Inch | 125 | 5v | 140 | 4.5 | 15.04 |
| 6Inch | 150 | 6Inch | 165 | 4.5 | 17.81 |
| 8Inch | 200 | 8Inch | 219 | 6 | 31.52 |
| Ibisobanuro | Ubunini bw'urukuta | Yoshige | Agaciro k’amazi asanzwe yigihugu | Minisiteri isanzwe yumuvuduko wamazi | Ibisobanuro | Ubunini bw'urukuta | Yoshige | Agaciro k’amazi asanzwe yigihugu | Minisiteri isanzwe yumuvuduko wamazi |
| 219 | 6 | 32.02 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 720 | 6 | 106.15 | 3 | 2.3 |
| 7 | 37.1 | 11.3 | 9 | 7 | 123.59 | 3.5 | 2.7 | ||
| 8 | 42.13 | 12.9 | 10.3 | 8 | 140.97 | 4 | 3.1 | ||
| 273 | 6 | 40.01 | 7.7 | 6.2 | 9 | 158.31 | 4.5 | 3.5 | |
| 7 | 46.42 | 9 | 7.2 | 10 | 175.6 | 5 | 3.9 | ||
| 8 | 52.78 | 10.3 | 8.3 | 12 | 210.02 | 6 | 4.7 | ||
| 325 | 6 | 47.7 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 820 | 7 | 140.85 | 3.1 | 2.4 |
| 7 | 55.4 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 8 | 160.7 | 3.5 | 2.7 | ||
| 8 | 63.04 | 8.7 | 6.9 | 9 | 180.5 | 4 | 3.1 | ||
| 377 | 6 | 55.4 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 10 | 200.26 | 4.4 | 3.4 | |
| 7 | 64.37 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 11 | 219.96 | 4.8 | 3.8 | ||
| 8 | 73.3 | 7.6 | 6 | 12 | 239.62 | 5.3 | 4.1 | ||
| 9 | 82.18 | 8.6 | 6.8 | 920 | 8 | 180.43 | 3.1 | 2.5 | |
| 10 | 91.01 | - | 7.5 | 9 | 202.7 | 3.5 | 2.8 | ||
| 426 | 6 | 62.25 | 5.1 | 4 | 10 | 224.92 | 3.9 | 3.1 | |
| 7 | 72.83 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 11 | 247.22 | 4.3 | 3.4 | ||
| 8 | 82.97 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 12 | 269.21 | 4.7 | 3.7 | ||
| 9 | 93.05 | 7.6 | 6 | 1020 | 8 | 200.16 | 2.8 | 2.2 | |
| 10 | 103.09 | 8.5 | 6.7 | 9 | 224.89 | 3.2 | 2.5 | ||
| 478 | 6 | 70.34 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 10 | 249.58 | 3.5 | 2.8 | |
| 7 | 81.81 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 11 | 274.22 | 3.9 | 3 | ||
| 8 | 93.23 | 6 | 4.7 | 12 | 298.81 | 4.2 | 3.3 | ||
| 9 | 104.6 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 1220 | 8 | 239.62 | - | 1.8 | |
| 10 | 115.92 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 10 | 298.9 | 3 | 2.3 | ||
| 529 | 6 | 77.89 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 11 | 328.47 | 3.2 | 2.5 | |
| 7 | 90.61 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 12 | 357.99 | 3.5 | 2.8 | ||
| 8 | 103.29 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 13 | 387.46 | 3.8 | 3 | ||
| 9 | 115.92 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 1420 | 10 | 348.23 | 2.8 | 2 | |
| 10 | 128.49 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 14 | 417.18 | 3.2 | 2.4 | ||
| 630 | 6 | 92.83 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 1620 | 12 | 476.37 | 2.9 | 2.1 |
| 7 | 108.05 | 4 | 3.1 | 14 | 554.99 | 3.2 | 2.4 | ||
| 8 | 123.22 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 1820 | 14 | 627.04 | 3.3 | 2.2 | |
| 9 | 138.33 | 5.1 | 4 | 2020 | 14 | 693.09 | - | 2 | |
| 10 | 153.4 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 2220 | 14 | 762.15 | - | 1.8 |
Icyitonderwa: Igipimo cya Minisiteri kivuga SY / T5037-2000.
