Umuringa usanzwe

Umuringa
Isasu mu byukuri ntigishobora gukomera mu muringa kandi igabanywa ku mbibi z’ingano mu bihe by’ubusa.Ukurikije ishyirahamwe ryayo, umuringa uyobora ufite ubwoko bubiri: α na (α + β).Bitewe n'ingaruka mbi ziterwa na gurş, umuringa wa alpha-gurş ufite plastike yo hasi cyane, kuburyo ishobora kuba imbeho ikonje cyangwa igashyuha.(α + β) Umuringa w'isasu ufite plastike nziza ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi urashobora guhimbwa.

Amabati
Kwongeramo amabati kumuringa birashobora kunoza cyane ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa aliyumu, cyane cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa yo mu nyanja, bityo umuringa wamabati witwa "umuringa wo mu mazi".
Amabati arashobora gushonga mumuringa ushingiye kumuringa kandi ugakina igisubizo gikomeye.Ariko hamwe no kwiyongera kwamabati, gucamo r-fase (CuZnSn compound) bizagaragara muri alloy, bidafasha guhindura plastike yimyunyu ngugu, bityo amabati arimo amabati muri rusange ari mubipimo bya 0.5% kugeza 1.5%.
Amabati akoreshwa cyane ni HSn70-1, HSn62-1, HSn60-1 nibindi.Iyambere ni alfa ya alfa, ifite plastike nyinshi kandi irashobora gutunganywa numuvuduko ukonje kandi ushushe.Amavuta yo mu byiciro bibiri byanyuma afite imiterere (α + β) ibyiciro bibiri, kandi umubare muto wa r-fasi ukunze kuboneka, kandi plastike mubushyuhe bwicyumba ntabwo iri hejuru, kandi irashobora guhindurwa gusa mubushyuhe leta.

Umuringa wa Manganese
Manganese ifite solubile nyinshi mumuringa ukomeye.Ongeraho 1% kugeza 4% ya manganese kumuringa birashobora kongera imbaraga nimbaraga zo kwangirika kwivanze bitagabanije plastike yacyo.
Umuringa wa Manganese ufite imiterere (α + β), kandi HMn58-2 irakoreshwa cyane, kandi imikorere yayo yo gutunganya umuvuduko mubihe bikonje nubushyuhe nibyiza.

Umuringa w'icyuma
Mu muringa w'icyuma, icyuma kigwa hamwe na fer ikungahaye ku byuma, bikora nka nuclei ya kirisiti yo gutunganya ibinyampeke bya kirisiti kandi bikarinda gukura kw'ibinyampeke byongeye gushyirwaho, bityo bikazamura imiterere ya mashini n'imikorere ya alloy.Ibyuma biri mu muringa w'icyuma mubisanzwe biri munsi ya 1.5%, imiterere yabyo ni (α + β), ifite imbaraga nubukomere bwinshi, plastike nziza mubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi irashobora guhindurwa mubihe bikonje.Urwego rusanzwe rukoreshwa ni Hfe59-1-1.

Nickel umuringa
Nickel n'umuringa birashobora gukora igisubizo gihamye, cyagura cyane α -cyiciro cyakarere.Kwiyongera kwa nikel kumuringa birashobora kunoza cyane kwangirika kwumuringa mukirere no mumazi yinyanja.Nickel irashobora kandi kongera ubushyuhe bwa rerystallisation yumuringa kandi igateza imbere ingano nziza.
HNi65-5 nikel umuringa ufite icyiciro kimwe α imiterere, ifite plastike nziza mubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi irashobora no guhindurwa mubihe bishyushye.Ariko, ibikubiye mu mwanda uyobora bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, cyangwa bizangiza cyane imikorere ishyushye ya alloy.