1.Imiyoboro ya Carbone idafite icyerekezo ni iki?
Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo ni imiyoboro ikozwe mu gice kimwe cyicyuma kidafite aho gihurira, gitanga imbaraga nyinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije.
Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye kubera imiterere yazo nziza. Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyuma izwiho kuramba no kwizerwa. Barashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe, bigatuma bikenerwa mubikorwa bya peteroli na gaze, kubyara amashanyarazi, no gutunganya imiti.
Igikorwa cyo gukora imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone idafite icyerekezo gishyushye cyangwa gushushanya bikonje. Mu kuzunguruka gushyushye, fagitire yicyuma irashyuha kandi ikanyuzwa murukurikirane kugirango ibe umuyoboro utagira ikizinga. Ku rundi ruhande, gushushanya ubukonje, bikubiyemo gukurura umuyoboro ushyushye unyuze mu rupfu kugirango ugabanye diameter no kunoza ubuso bwacyo.
Dukurikije imibare yinganda, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo iraboneka muburyo bunini kandi bunini. Ingano ikunze kugaragara kuva DN15 kugeza DN1200, hamwe nubunini bwurukuta butandukanye kuva 2mm kugeza 50mm. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu miyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo ni ibyuma bya karubone, birimo ijanisha runaka rya karubone. Ibirimo bya karubone birashobora gutandukana bitewe nibisabwa, hamwe nibirimo byinshi bya karubone bitanga imbaraga nubukomere.
Usibye imbaraga zabo nigihe kirekire, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyuma nayo irwanya ruswa. Ariko, mubisabwa bimwe na bimwe biteganijwe ko hashobora kubaho ibidukikije byangirika, hashobora gukenerwa izindi myenda cyangwa imirongo kugirango irinde umuyoboro.
Muri rusange, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo nikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa byinshi byinganda, bitanga ubwikorezi bwizewe kandi bwiza bwamazi na gaze.
2. Gahunda yumusaruro nibisobanuro
2.1 Incamake yumusaruro
Umusaruro wibyuma bya karubone bidafite kashe ni inzira igoye kandi yitonze. Ubwa mbere, bilet izenguruka yaciwe neza kuburebure busabwa. Noneho, ashyutswe mu itanura kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubusanzwe hafi dogere selisiyusi 1200. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bukoresha ibicanwa nka hydrogène cyangwa acetylene kugirango ubushyuhe bumwe. Nyuma yo gushyushya, fagitire ihura nigitutu. Ibi akenshi bikorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwiza bwo gukora imiyoboro yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi irashobora guhuza nogukenera ibyiciro bitandukanye byibyuma.
Nyuma yo gutobora, fagitire inyura muburyo bwo kuzunguruka nko kuzunguruka inshuro eshatu, kuzunguruka, cyangwa gusohora. Nyuma yo gusohora, umuyoboro unyuramo ubunini kugirango umenye ibipimo byanyuma. Imashini nini ifite imyitozo ya conical izunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi yinjira muri bilet kugirango ikore umuyoboro. Diameter y'imbere y'umuyoboro biterwa na diameter yo hanze ya mashini nini ya dring bit.
Ubukurikira, umuyoboro woherezwa ku munara ukonjesha aho ukonjeshwa no gutera amazi. Nyuma yo gukonja, ihita igororoka kugirango irebe ko imiterere yayo ari nziza. Hanyuma, umuyoboro woherezwa mubyuma byerekana icyuma cyangwa igikoresho cyo gupima hydrostatike kugirango kigenzurwe imbere. Niba hari uduce, ibibyimba, cyangwa ibindi bibazo imbere mu muyoboro, bizamenyekana. Nyuma yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, umuyoboro unyura mu ntoki. Hanyuma, irangwa nimibare, ibisobanuro, hamwe namakuru yumusaruro wamakuru mugushushanya kandi ikazamurwa ikabikwa mububiko na kane.
2.2 Ibisobanuro hamwe nibyiciro
Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo ishyirwa mubyiciro bishyushye kandi bikonje. Imiyoboro ya karubone ishyushye idafite icyuma muri rusange ifite diameter yo hanze irenga milimetero 32 n'ubugari bwurukuta ruri hagati ya milimetero 2,5 na 75. Imiyoboro ikonje ya karubone idafite ubukonje irashobora kugira diameter yo hanze nka milimetero 6, hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta rwa milimetero 0,25. Ndetse imiyoboro yoroheje ikikijwe na diameter yo hanze ya milimetero 5 n'ubugari bw'urukuta ruri munsi ya milimetero 0,25. Imiyoboro ikonje itanga ubukonje buhanitse.
Ibisobanuro byabo mubisanzwe bigaragazwa ukurikije diameter yo hanze n'ubugari bw'urukuta. Kurugero, ibisobanuro rusange bishobora kuba DN200 x 6mm, byerekana diameter yo hanze ya milimetero 200 nubugari bwurukuta rwa milimetero 6. Dukurikije imibare yinganda, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo iraboneka murwego runini kugirango ihuze ibisabwa bitandukanye.
3. Gukoresha imiyoboro ya Carbone idafite icyerekezo
Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo isanga porogaramu mubice bitandukanye nko gutwara amazi, gukora amashyiga, ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya, n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli bitewe nimiterere yihariye hamwe nibyiciro.
3.1 Gutwara amazi
Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo ikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara amazi nk'amazi, amavuta, na gaze. Mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, nkurugero, imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone idafite akamaro ni ngombwa mu gutwara peteroli na gaze gasanzwe biva mu bicuruzwa biva mu nganda n’ibigo bikwirakwiza. Dukurikije imibare y’inganda, igice kinini cya peteroli na gaze ku isi bitwarwa binyuze mu miyoboro y’icyuma ya karubone. Iyi miyoboro irashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi kandi irwanya ruswa, bigatuma iba nziza yo gutwara intera ndende. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo ikoreshwa no muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi no gutunganya inganda zo gutwara ibintu bitandukanye.
3.2 Gukora amashyiga
Imiyoboro yo hasi, iringaniye, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi utetse bikozwe mu byuma bya karubone bidafite ingirakamaro ni ingenzi mu gukora amashyiga. Iyi miyoboro yabugenewe kugirango ihangane nubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nigitutu kiri imbere. Kubyuka byoroheje kandi biciriritse, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo itanga imikorere yumutekano mugutanga amazi yizewe no guhererekanya ubushyuhe. Mubyuka byumuvuduko mwinshi, imiyoboro igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango imbaraga nigihe kirekire. Bakorerwa ibizamini byinshi kugirango barebe ubuziranenge bwabo kandi bwizewe. Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyuma kiboneka iraboneka mubunini butandukanye kandi bwihariye kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byihariye byo gushushanya.
3.3 Ubushakashatsi bwa Jewoloji
Imiyoboro yo gucukura geologiya na peteroli igira uruhare runini mubushakashatsi bwa geologiya. Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa mu gucukura mu butaka bw'isi kugira ngo ishakishe peteroli, gaze, n'amabuye y'agaciro. Imiyoboro ikomeye cyane idafite ibyuma bya karubone yashizweho kugirango ihangane n’imiterere mibi y’ibikorwa byo gucukura, harimo umuvuduko mwinshi, abrasion, na ruswa. Zikoreshwa kandi mu gusiba no kuvoma mu mariba ya peteroli na gaze, zitanga inkunga zubaka kandi zirinda iriba gusenyuka. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inganda, hateganijwe ko hajyaho imiyoboro yo gucukura geologiya na peteroli biteganijwe kwiyongera mu myaka iri imbere mu gihe ubushakashatsi ku mutungo mushya bukomeje.
3.4 Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli
Mu nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyuma ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye nk'imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze, ibikoresho byo gutunganya, n'ibigega byo kubikamo. Imiyoboro yagenewe guhangana n’ibidukikije byangiza ibikomoka kuri peteroli hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi ugira uruhare mu gutwara no gutunganya. Imiyoboro yamenagura peteroli, byumwihariko, ni ngombwa mugutunganya. Byakozwe mubyuma bidasanzwe bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti. Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite inganda mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli igomba kugenzurwa neza no kugeragezwa kugira ngo umutekano wabo wizere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-30-2024