Uruganda rwabigenewe rukomeye rwumuringa wumuringa
Yiswe ibara ryumutuku.Ntabwo byanze bikunze umuringa usukuye, ariko rimwe na rimwe umubare muto wibintu byangiza cyangwa ibindi bintu byongeweho kugirango bitezimbere ibikoresho nibikorwa, bityo rero bishyirwa mubikorwa nkumuringa.Ibikoresho byo gutunganya umuringa mubushinwa birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine ukurikije ibigize: umuringa usanzwe (T1, T2, T3, T4), umuringa utagira ogisijeni (TU1, TU2 nubuziranenge bwinshi, umuringa udafite umwuka wa ogisijeni), umuringa wangiza (TUP) , TUMn), umuringa udasanzwe ufite umubare muto wibintu bivangavanze (umuringa wa arsenic, umuringa wa tellurium, umuringa wa feza).Amashanyarazi nubushyuhe bwumuringa ni uwa kabiri nyuma ya feza, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho bitwara nubushyuhe.Umuringa ufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu kirere, amazi yo mu nyanja hamwe na acide zimwe na zimwe zidafite okiside (aside hydrochloric, acide sulfurike acide), alkalis, ibisubizo byumunyu hamwe na acide zitandukanye kama (acide acetike, acide citric), kandi ikoreshwa mubikorwa byimiti .Byongeye kandi, umuringa ufite gusudira neza kandi urashobora gukorwa mubicuruzwa bitandukanye byarangiye kandi byarangiye hakoreshejwe ubukonje na thermoplastique.
Gukurikirana umwanda wumuringa bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumashanyarazi nubushyuhe bwumuringa.Muri byo, titanium, fosifore, fer, silikoni, nibindi bigabanya cyane amashanyarazi, mugihe kadmium na zinc bigira ingaruka nke cyane.Oxygene, sulfure, seleniyumu, tellurium hamwe n’ibindi bisubizo bikomeye mu muringa ni bito cyane, birashobora kubyara ibice bivanze n'umuringa, ubwikorezi bw'ingaruka ntabwo ari ngombwa, ariko birashobora kugabanya plastike yo gutunganya.Umuringa usanzwe mukirere kigabanya hydrogène cyangwa monoxyde de carbone iyo ushushe, hydrogène cyangwa monoxide ya karubone biroroshye guhuza imbibi zingano za oxide oxyde (Cu2O), bikavamo umwuka wumuvuduko mwinshi wamazi cyangwa gaze karuboni ya dioxyde, ishobora gutuma umuringa umeneka .Iyi phenomenon bakunze kwita umuringa "indwara ya hydrogen".Oxygene yangiza kugurishwa kwumuringa.Bismuth cyangwa isasu hamwe n'umuringa kubyara eutectic yo hasi gushonga, kuburyo umuringa watanze ubushyuhe buke;na bismuth yamenetse ikwirakwizwa mumipaka yintete ya firime, kandi bigatuma umuringa ubyara ubukonje bukabije.Fosifore irashobora kugabanya cyane amashanyarazi yumuringa, ariko irashobora kunoza amazi yumuringa, kunoza gusudira.Ingano ikwiye ya gurş, tellurium, sulfure, nibindi birashobora kunoza imashini.Ubushyuhe bwicyumba imbaraga zingana zumuringa ushyizwe hamwe ni 22-25 kg imbaraga / mm2, kurambura ni 45-50%, ubukana bwa Brinell (HB) ni 35-45.
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wumuringa usukuye ni 386.4 W / (mK).
Umuringa ukoreshwa cyane kuruta icyuma cyiza, hamwe na 50% byumuringa usukurwa mumashanyarazi kugeza kumuringa wera buri mwaka kugirango ukoreshwe mumashanyarazi.Umuringa uvugwa hano ugomba kuba wera rwose, urimo umuringa urenga 99,95% ugomba gukoreshwa.Umubare muto cyane wumwanda, cyane cyane fosifore, arsenic na aluminium, urashobora kugabanya cyane amashanyarazi yumuringa.Ahanini ikoreshwa mubikorwa bya generator, utubari twa bisi, insinga, amashanyarazi, transformateur nibindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi noguhindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro, ibikoresho byo gushyushya izuba nkibikoresho byo gukusanya amasahani hamwe nibindi bikoresho bitwara ubushyuhe.Umuringa urimo ogisijeni (gutunganya umuringa biroroshye kuvanga ogisijeni nkeya) ku mikorere yingaruka zikomeye, umuringa ukoreshwa munganda zamashanyarazi ugomba kuba umuringa utagira ogisijeni.Byongeye kandi, umwanda nka gurş, antimoni, bismuth, nibindi birashobora gutuma kristu yumuringa idashobora guhurizwa hamwe, bikavamo kwinjiza amashyuza, bizagira ingaruka no gutunganya umuringa wera.Uyu muringa usukuye cyane usanzwe utunganijwe na electrolysis: umuringa utanduye (ni ukuvuga umuringa utubutse) ukoreshwa nka anode, umuringa usukuye nka cathode, n'umuti wa sulfate y'umuringa nka electrolyte.Iyo ikigezweho kirangiye, umuringa wanduye kuri anode ugenda ushonga buhoro buhoro, kandi umuringa usukuye ugenda ugwa kuri cathode.Umuringa watunganijwe rero uraboneka.Isuku igera kuri 99,99%.
Umuringa urakoreshwa kandi mugukora impeta zumuzunguruko mugufi kuri moteri yamashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ashyushya amashanyarazi hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike bifite ingufu nyinshi, guhagarika itumanaho, nibindi.
Umuringa ukoreshwa no mu nzugi, amadirishya, intoki n'ibindi bikoresho no gushushanya.
Ibikoresho byo gutunganya umuringa w'umuhengeri w'Abashinwa birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine ukurikije ibice: umuringa usanzwe w'umuhengeri (T1, T2, T3, T4), umuringa utagira ogisijeni (TU1, TU2 n'ubuziranenge bwinshi, umuringa udafite umwuka wa ogisijeni), umuringa wangiza (TUP) , TUMn), umuringa udasanzwe hamwe nibintu bike byongeweho (umuringa wa arsenic, umuringa wa tellurium, umuringa wa feza).
Vuga Icyiciro cyabashinwa Icyiciro cyabadage Icyiciro cyabanyamerika Icyiciro cyabongereza
Zero ya ogisijeni idafite umuringa TU0C1011 - C10100C110
No.1 umuringa utagira ogisijeni TU1C1020OF-CuC10200C103
No 2 umuringa utagira ogisijeni TU2C1020OF-CuC10200C103
No.1 umuringa T1C1020OF-CuC10200C103
No.2 umuringa T2C1100SE-CuC11000C101
No.3 umuringa T3C1221
No.1 fosifore yanduye umuringa TP1C1201SW-CuC12000
No.2 fosifore yanduye umuringa TP2C1220SF-CuC12000
